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Rainer Hegselmann and Ulrich Krause (2002)

Opinion dynamics and bounded confidence:
models, analysis and simulation

Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation vol. 5, no. 3
<https://www.jasss.org/5/3/2.html>

To cite articles published in the Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, please reference the above information and include paragraph numbers if necessary

Received: 31-Jan-2002      Accepted: 10-Apr-2002      Published: 30-Jun-2002


* Abstract

When does opinion formation within an interacting group lead to consensus, polarization or fragmentation? The article investigates various models for the dynamics of continuous opinions by analytical methods as well as by computer simulations. Section 2 develops within a unified framework the classical model of consensus formation, the variant of this model due to Friedkin and Johnsen, a time-dependent version and a nonlinear version with bounded confidence of the agents. Section 3 presents for all these models major analytical results. Section 4 gives an extensive exploration of the nonlinear model with bounded confidence by a series of computer simulations. An appendix supplies needed mathematical definitions, tools, and theorems.

Keywords:
Bounded Confidence; Consensus/dissent; Nonlinear Dynamical; Opinion Dynamics

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